Python3中urlopen()和get()区别

问题描述

Python爬虫中用urllib的urlopen()和requests.get()方法去请求或获取一个网页的内容时，requests.get(url)和urlopen()有什么区别呢？

解决方法

两者的区别在于：

urlopen打开URL网址，url参数可以是一个字符串url或者是一个Request对象，返回的是http.client.HTTPResponse对象.它包括read()、readinto()、getheader()、getheaders()等函数，一般而言使用read()函数后还需要decode()函数，因为它返回的网页内容实际上是没有被解码过的，在read()得到内容后使用decode()函数解码。

而requests.get()方法请求站点的网址，然后打印出返回结果的类型，状态码，编码方式，Cookies等内容。

from urllib.request import urlopen
import requests

data_get=requests.get("https://www.baidu.com").content.decode("utf-8")
html_url=urlopen("https://www.baidu.com")
data_url=html_url.read()
with open("data_get.html","w") as f:
    f.write(data_get)


print(data_get)
print("------------------------\n")
print(data_url)

with open("data_url.html","wb") as f:
    f.write(data_url)

data_get.html如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8>
    <meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge>
    <meta content=always name=referrer>
      <link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css>
        <title>百度一下，你就知道</title>
      </head>
      <body link=#0000cc> 
          <div id=wrapper>
            <div id=head>
              <div class=head_wrapper>
                <div class=s_form>
                  <div class=s_form_wrapper>
                    <div id=lg>
                      <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129>
                    </div>
                    <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm>
                      <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1>
                      <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8>
                      <input type=hidden name=f value=8>
                      <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1>
                      <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1>
                      <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu>
                      <span class="bg s_ipt_wr">
                        <input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus>
                      </span><span class="bg s_btn_wr">
                        <input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus>
                      </span>
                    </form>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <div id=u1>
                  <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a>
                   <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a>
                   <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a>
                   <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a>
                   <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a>
                   <noscript>
                     <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&amp;tpl=mn&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a>
                   </noscript>
                   <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
                </script>
                <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a>
              </div>

            </div>
          </div>
          <div id=ftCon>
            <div id=ftConw>
              <p id=lh>
                <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a>
                <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p>
                <p id=cp>&copy;2017&nbsp;Baidu&nbsp;
                  <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a>&nbsp;
                  <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a>&nbsp;京ICP证030173号&nbsp;
                  <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif>
                </p>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </body>
        </html>

data_url如下：

<html>
<head>
    <script>
        location.replace(location.href.replace("https://","http://"));
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <noscript><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=http://www.baidu.com/"></noscript>
</body>
</html>